During Breast Cancer Awareness Month in particular, patients frequently wonder whether there is a link between breast and ovarian cancer. Although these cancers are separate, there is a strong genetic connection between them. Learning more about this connection might aid in early diagnosis, which could result in lifesaving measures.
Genetic Connection: BRCA1 and BRCA2
Mutations in two important genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, are the biggest reasons why breast cancer and ovarian cancer are linked. These two genes main purposes are fixing the broken DNA and keeping cancer at bay. But when they fail to activate, the chances of getting both breast and ovarian cancer go up significantly.
Women with a BRCA1 mutation have a 72% chance of developing breast cancer and a 44% chance of developing ovarian cancer in their lifetime. The risk of breast cancer in people who carry the BRCA2 gene can be as high as 69%. Men can also carry these genes, which can increase their risk of breast and prostate cancer.
Family History and Risk
A strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer often raises red flags. If members of the same immediate family—such as a mother, sister, or daughter—have been diagnosed with cancer then it’s important to discuss genetic testing with your health care provider.
Testing for Breast Cancer
Several tests and screenings for early detection of breast cancer are available, especially for those with a family history of the disease and genetic mutations.
- Mammograms: A mammogram is an X-ray picture of the breast. It is currently the best way to find breast cancer. Most all women start getting yearly mammograms by age 40, but women at high risk may start earlier.
- Breast MRI: Women at high risk for developing breast cancer may have it in addition to a mammogram. Examples of those at high risk include carriers of BRCA mutations. This test can find some cancers that may not be detected on a mammogram.
- Genetic Testing: If you have a family history of either breast or ovarian cancer, genetic testing would determine whether you actually carry the BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.
Prevention and Proactive Steps
Besides regular screening, quitting smoking, healthy eating, and routine exercise will go a long way toward your not acquiring either breast or ovarian cancers. If you are concerned about your level of risk, have a conversation with your healthcare professional and let genetic testing inform your decisions and individualize your cancer screening plan.
Knowing this connection between breast and ovarian cancer is the key to taking the right steps to safeguard your health. Early detection saves lives, and knowing your risk may make all the difference in the world.
